Costa Rica (i /ˌkoʊstə ˈriːkə/), formally the Republic of Costa Rica (Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica, is a nation in Central America, outskirted via Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east
Costa Rica, which connotes "Rich Coast", sacredly annulled its guard forever in 1949. It is the main Latin American nation incorporated in the record of the planet's 22 more seasoned vote based systems. Costa Rica has unwaveringly been near the top Latin American nations in the Human Development Index, stacked up 62nd in the planet in 2010, and is refered to by the UNDP as one of the nations that has accomplished much higher human growth than different nations at the same livelihood levels. The nation is stacked up third in the planet, and first near the Americas, regarding the 2010 Environmental Performance Index.
In 2007, the Costa Rican legislature advertised plans for Costa Rica to end up being the first carbon-impartial nation by 2021.According to the New Economics Foundation, Costa Rica ranks first in the Happy Planet Index and is the "greenest" nation in the planet.
Costa Rica, which connotes "Rich Coast", sacredly annulled its guard forever in 1949. It is the main Latin American nation incorporated in the record of the planet's 22 more seasoned vote based systems. Costa Rica has unwaveringly been near the top Latin American nations in the Human Development Index, stacked up 62nd in the planet in 2010, and is refered to by the UNDP as one of the nations that has accomplished much higher human growth than different nations at the same livelihood levels. The nation is stacked up third in the planet, and first near the Americas, regarding the 2010 Environmental Performance Index.
In 2007, the Costa Rican legislature advertised plans for Costa Rica to end up being the first carbon-impartial nation by 2021.According to the New Economics Foundation, Costa Rica ranks first in the Happy Planet Index and is the "greenest" nation in the planet.
Geography
Costa Rica is found on the Central American isthmus, lying between scopes 8° and 12°N, and longitudes 82° and 86°W. It fringes the Caribbean Sea (to the east) and the Pacific Ocean (to the west), with what added up to 1,290 kilometres (800 mi) of coastline, 212 km (132 mi) on the Caribbean coast and 1,016 km (631 mi) on the Pacific.
Costa Rica moreover fringes Nicaragua to the north (309 km or 192 mi of outskirt) and Panama to the south-southeast (639 km or 397 mi of outskirt). In aggregate, Costa Rica embodies 51,100 square kilometres (19,700 sq mi) in addition to 589 square kilometres (227 sq mi) of regional waters.
The most noteworthy focus in the nation is Cerro Chirripó, at 3,819 metres (12,530 ft); it is the fifth most astounding crest in Central America. The most elevated well of lava in the nation is the Irazú Volcano (3,431 m or 11,257 ft). The greatest pond in Costa Rica is Lake Arenal.
Costa Rica moreover embodies a few islands. Cocos Island (24 square kilometres / 9.3 square miles) stands out as a result of its separation from mainland landmass, 300 mi (480 km) from Puntarenas, yet Calero Island is the greatest island of the nation (151.6 square kilometres / 58.5 square miles). Over 25% of Costa Rica's national region is secured by SINAC (the National System of Conservation Areas), which manages the sum of the nation's secured zones. Costa Rica likewise holds the most amazing thickness of species in the planet.
Costa Rica moreover fringes Nicaragua to the north (309 km or 192 mi of outskirt) and Panama to the south-southeast (639 km or 397 mi of outskirt). In aggregate, Costa Rica embodies 51,100 square kilometres (19,700 sq mi) in addition to 589 square kilometres (227 sq mi) of regional waters.
The most noteworthy focus in the nation is Cerro Chirripó, at 3,819 metres (12,530 ft); it is the fifth most astounding crest in Central America. The most elevated well of lava in the nation is the Irazú Volcano (3,431 m or 11,257 ft). The greatest pond in Costa Rica is Lake Arenal.
Costa Rica moreover embodies a few islands. Cocos Island (24 square kilometres / 9.3 square miles) stands out as a result of its separation from mainland landmass, 300 mi (480 km) from Puntarenas, yet Calero Island is the greatest island of the nation (151.6 square kilometres / 58.5 square miles). Over 25% of Costa Rica's national region is secured by SINAC (the National System of Conservation Areas), which manages the sum of the nation's secured zones. Costa Rica likewise holds the most amazing thickness of species in the planet.
Climate
For the reason that Costa Rica is spotted between eight and 12 degrees north of the Equator, the atmosphere is tropical year adjust. In any case, the nation has numerous microclimates hinging on height, precipitation, geology, and by the topography of every specific district.
Costa Rica's times of year are characterized by what amount of downpour falls throughout a specific period and not to the four flavors in the Northern Hemisphere. The year could be part into two periods, the dry season known to the inhabitants as summer, and the stormy time of year, known by regional standards as winter. The "middle of the year" or dry flavor heads off from December to April, and "winter" or blustery flavor heads off from May to November, which generally corresponds with the Atlantic tropical storm flavor, and throughout this time, it rains unvaryingly in certain locales.
The area accepting the most sprinkle is the Caribbean inclines of the Central Cordillera mountains, with a twelve-month precipitation of over 5,000 mm (196.9 in). Stickiness is additionally higher on the Caribbean side than on the Pacific side. The mean yearly temperature on the waterfront marshes is around 27 °C (81 °F), 20 °C (68 °F) in the prevailing populated territories of the Central Cordilera, and underneath 10 °C (50 °F) on the summits of the most astounding mountains.
Costa Rica's times of year are characterized by what amount of downpour falls throughout a specific period and not to the four flavors in the Northern Hemisphere. The year could be part into two periods, the dry season known to the inhabitants as summer, and the stormy time of year, known by regional standards as winter. The "middle of the year" or dry flavor heads off from December to April, and "winter" or blustery flavor heads off from May to November, which generally corresponds with the Atlantic tropical storm flavor, and throughout this time, it rains unvaryingly in certain locales.
The area accepting the most sprinkle is the Caribbean inclines of the Central Cordillera mountains, with a twelve-month precipitation of over 5,000 mm (196.9 in). Stickiness is additionally higher on the Caribbean side than on the Pacific side. The mean yearly temperature on the waterfront marshes is around 27 °C (81 °F), 20 °C (68 °F) in the prevailing populated territories of the Central Cordilera, and underneath 10 °C (50 °F) on the summits of the most astounding mountains.
Flora and Fauna
Costa Rica is home to a rich assortment of plants and creatures. While the nation has just about 0.25% of the planet's landmass, it holds 5% of the planet's biodiversity.Around 25% of the nation's property territory is in ensured national stops and secured territories, the greatest rate of secured zones in the planet (improving planet normal 13%, improved planet normal 8%). Costa Rica has effectively devised a workable plan to decrease deforestation from a portion of the most exceedingly bad rates in the planet from 1973 to 1989, to essentially zero by 2005.
One national stop, the Corcovado National Park, is universally eminent around scientists for its biodiversity (incorporating enormous felines and tapirs) and where guests can want to see a plenitude of wildlife.Corcovado is the one stop in Costa Rica where each of the four Costa Rican monkey species could be recognized. The aforementioned incorporate the white-headed capuchin, the mantled howler,the imperiled Geoffroy's bug monkey and the Central American squirrel monkey, recognized just on the Pacific sea shore of Costa Rica and a minor part of Panama, and was recognized jeopardized until 2008, when its status was overhauled to helpless. Deforestation, illicit pet-exchanging, and chasing are the essential purposes behind its terrorized status.
Tortuguero National Park—the name Tortuguero could be deciphered as "Full of Turtles"—is home to bug, howler and white-throated capuchin monkeys; the three-toed sloth and two-toed sloth; 320 species of fowls; and a mixed bag of reptiles. The park is distinguished for the twelve-month settling of the imperiled green turtle, and is the most critical settling locale for the species. Goliath leatherback, hawksbill, and loggerhead turtles additionally settle there.
The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is home to around 2,000 plant species, incorporating various orchids. Over 400 sorts of fledglings and over 100 species of warm blooded creatures could be discovered there.
As an entire, around 700 animal type of flying creatures have been recognized in Costa Rica. The Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad is permitted to gather sovereignties on any living revelations of therapeutic imperativeness.
Costa Rica is a core of natural differences for reptiles and creatures of land and water, incorporating the planet's speediest running reptile, the barbed-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis).
One national stop, the Corcovado National Park, is universally eminent around scientists for its biodiversity (incorporating enormous felines and tapirs) and where guests can want to see a plenitude of wildlife.Corcovado is the one stop in Costa Rica where each of the four Costa Rican monkey species could be recognized. The aforementioned incorporate the white-headed capuchin, the mantled howler,the imperiled Geoffroy's bug monkey and the Central American squirrel monkey, recognized just on the Pacific sea shore of Costa Rica and a minor part of Panama, and was recognized jeopardized until 2008, when its status was overhauled to helpless. Deforestation, illicit pet-exchanging, and chasing are the essential purposes behind its terrorized status.
Tortuguero National Park—the name Tortuguero could be deciphered as "Full of Turtles"—is home to bug, howler and white-throated capuchin monkeys; the three-toed sloth and two-toed sloth; 320 species of fowls; and a mixed bag of reptiles. The park is distinguished for the twelve-month settling of the imperiled green turtle, and is the most critical settling locale for the species. Goliath leatherback, hawksbill, and loggerhead turtles additionally settle there.
The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is home to around 2,000 plant species, incorporating various orchids. Over 400 sorts of fledglings and over 100 species of warm blooded creatures could be discovered there.
As an entire, around 700 animal type of flying creatures have been recognized in Costa Rica. The Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad is permitted to gather sovereignties on any living revelations of therapeutic imperativeness.
Costa Rica is a core of natural differences for reptiles and creatures of land and water, incorporating the planet's speediest running reptile, the barbed-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis).
Demographics
As of 2010, Costa Rica has an expected citizenry of 4,640,000. Whites and mestizos make up 94% of the residents, while 3% are Black, or Afro-Caribbean, 1% Native American, 1% Chinese, and 1% other.
There are additionally over 60,000 Native American or indigenous tenants, acting for 1.5% of the residents. The majority of them exist in detached reservations, dispersed near eight ethnic aggregations: Quitirrisí (in the Central Valley), Matambú or Chorotega (Guanacaste), Maleku (northern Alajuela), Bribri (southern Atlantic), Cabécar (Cordillera de Talamanca), Guaymí (southern Costa Rica, along the Panamá outskirt), Boruca (southern Costa Rica) and Térraba (southern Costa Rica).
The residents of European lineage is principally of Spaniard plunge, with huge amounts of Italian, German, English, Dutch, French, Irish, Portuguese, Lebanese and Polish families, simultaneously a sizable Jewish neighborhood. The larger part of the Afro-Costa Ricans are Creole English-talking relatives of 19th century dark Jamaican settler laborers.
The 2000 statistics arranged 94% of the citizenry as white or mestizo and less than 3% as dark or Amerindian. Local and European jumbled blood inhabitant numbers are far less than in other Latin American nations. Special cases are Guanacaste, where well-nigh a large part of the inhabitants present is obviously mestizo, a legacy of the more pervasive unions between Spaniards pioneers and Chorotega Amerindians through numerous eras, and Limón, where the lion's share of the Afro-Costa Rican neighborhood lives.
Costa Rica hosts numerous evacuees, predominantly from Colombia and Nicaragua. Thus of that and unlawful movement, an expected 10-15% (400,000–600,000) of the Costa Rican residents is made up of Nicaraguans.Some Nicaraguans relocate for seasonal work chances and afterward come back to their nation. Costa Rica took in numerous evacuees from a reach of other Latin American nations escaping common wars and autocracies throughout the 1970s and 80s, outstandingly from Chile and Argentina, and additionally individuals from El Salvador who fled from guerrillas and legislature expiration squads.
As per the World Bank, around 441,000 migrants exist legitimately in the nation, the greater part of them Nicaraguans, while 127,060 Costa Ricans exist abroad in the United States, Panama, Nicaragua, Spain, Mexico, Canada, Germany, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, and Guatemala.
There are additionally over 60,000 Native American or indigenous tenants, acting for 1.5% of the residents. The majority of them exist in detached reservations, dispersed near eight ethnic aggregations: Quitirrisí (in the Central Valley), Matambú or Chorotega (Guanacaste), Maleku (northern Alajuela), Bribri (southern Atlantic), Cabécar (Cordillera de Talamanca), Guaymí (southern Costa Rica, along the Panamá outskirt), Boruca (southern Costa Rica) and Térraba (southern Costa Rica).
The residents of European lineage is principally of Spaniard plunge, with huge amounts of Italian, German, English, Dutch, French, Irish, Portuguese, Lebanese and Polish families, simultaneously a sizable Jewish neighborhood. The larger part of the Afro-Costa Ricans are Creole English-talking relatives of 19th century dark Jamaican settler laborers.
The 2000 statistics arranged 94% of the citizenry as white or mestizo and less than 3% as dark or Amerindian. Local and European jumbled blood inhabitant numbers are far less than in other Latin American nations. Special cases are Guanacaste, where well-nigh a large part of the inhabitants present is obviously mestizo, a legacy of the more pervasive unions between Spaniards pioneers and Chorotega Amerindians through numerous eras, and Limón, where the lion's share of the Afro-Costa Rican neighborhood lives.
Costa Rica hosts numerous evacuees, predominantly from Colombia and Nicaragua. Thus of that and unlawful movement, an expected 10-15% (400,000–600,000) of the Costa Rican residents is made up of Nicaraguans.Some Nicaraguans relocate for seasonal work chances and afterward come back to their nation. Costa Rica took in numerous evacuees from a reach of other Latin American nations escaping common wars and autocracies throughout the 1970s and 80s, outstandingly from Chile and Argentina, and additionally individuals from El Salvador who fled from guerrillas and legislature expiration squads.
As per the World Bank, around 441,000 migrants exist legitimately in the nation, the greater part of them Nicaraguans, while 127,060 Costa Ricans exist abroad in the United States, Panama, Nicaragua, Spain, Mexico, Canada, Germany, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, and Guatemala.
Religion
Christianity is the transcendent religion, and Roman Catholicism is the official state religion as per the 1949 Constitution, which in the meantime certifications flexibility of religion.
Consistent with the freshest across the nation overview of religion, directed in 2007 by the University of Costa Rica, 70.5% of Costa Ricans are Roman Catholics, 44.9% of the citizenry are honing Catholics, 13.8% are Evangelical Protestants (a number of them Pentecostal), 11.3% report they don't have a religion, and 4.3% fit in with an alternate one.
In view of the later humble yet enduring migration from Asia and the Middle East, different religions have developed, the most prevalent being Buddhism (as a result of a developing Chinese group of 40,000), and more modest amounts of Hindu, Jewish, Bahá'í, and Muslim disciples.
The Sinagoga Shaarei Zion synagogue is close La Sabana Metropolitan Park in San José. Numerous homes in the neighborhood east of the park showcase the Star of David and other Jewish images.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) guarantee more than 35,000 parts, and has a temple in San Jose that served as a territorial love place for Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, and Honduras. Then again, they act for less than one percent of the citizenry.
Consistent with the freshest across the nation overview of religion, directed in 2007 by the University of Costa Rica, 70.5% of Costa Ricans are Roman Catholics, 44.9% of the citizenry are honing Catholics, 13.8% are Evangelical Protestants (a number of them Pentecostal), 11.3% report they don't have a religion, and 4.3% fit in with an alternate one.
In view of the later humble yet enduring migration from Asia and the Middle East, different religions have developed, the most prevalent being Buddhism (as a result of a developing Chinese group of 40,000), and more modest amounts of Hindu, Jewish, Bahá'í, and Muslim disciples.
The Sinagoga Shaarei Zion synagogue is close La Sabana Metropolitan Park in San José. Numerous homes in the neighborhood east of the park showcase the Star of David and other Jewish images.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) guarantee more than 35,000 parts, and has a temple in San Jose that served as a territorial love place for Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, and Honduras. Then again, they act for less than one percent of the citizenry.
Languages
The essential dialect articulated in Costa Rica is Spanish. Some local dialects are still articulated in indigenous reservations. The most numerically paramount are the Bribri, Maléku, Cabécar and Ngäbere dialects, some of which have a few thousand speakers in Costa Rica -others a couple hundred. Certain dialects, for example Teribe and Boruca, have fewer than a thousand speakers. A Creole-English dialect, Jamaican patois (otherwise called Mekatelyu), is talked along the Caribbean coast. About 10.7% of Costa Rica's grown-up inhabitants present (18 or more senior) moreover vocalizes English, 0.7% French, and 0.3% talks Portuguese or German as a second dialect
Education
The education rate in Costa Rica is 94.9%,one of the most astounding in the planet. Any time the armed force was annulled in 1949, it was stated that the "armed force might be supplanted with an armed force of teachers." Elementary and secondary schools are recognized all through the nation in basically each group. All inclusive open instruction is ensured in the constitution. Essential training is mandatory, and both preschool and secondary school are unhindered. There are just a couple schools in Costa Rica that go past the 12th evaluation. Understudies who complete 11th grade get a Costa Rican Bachillerato Diploma certify by the Costa Rican Ministry of Education.
There are both state and private colleges, with the people schools being viewed as the best in the nation, and also being one of the best method of social portability, given the vast dimension of the plan used to finance understudies from oppressed families. The University of Costa Rica has been honored the title "Meritorious Institution of Costa Rican Education and Culture". As of late, numerous private colleges and schools have solidified on the grounds that interest for higher instruction surpasses puts accessible in people in general segment.
There are both state and private colleges, with the people schools being viewed as the best in the nation, and also being one of the best method of social portability, given the vast dimension of the plan used to finance understudies from oppressed families. The University of Costa Rica has been honored the title "Meritorious Institution of Costa Rican Education and Culture". As of late, numerous private colleges and schools have solidified on the grounds that interest for higher instruction surpasses puts accessible in people in general segment.
Miss Costa Rica 2012:
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